Individual and sub-protein assembly on nanoscale polymeric surfaces different adsorption environments.
Polarizing optical micrographs of gels
of a hydroxystearamide/silcone mixture formed by (a) fast or (b) slow cooling.
AFM images of a hydroxystearamide/silcone gel before (A) and after (B) a helical fiber aggregate was cut and moved by the AFM tip.
A silkworm surrounded by spun silk, and a confocal image of shear-induced silk fibers.
Amyloid fibril as a polar chiral filament
A model polar chiral filament (center, right), by symmetry, develops a spontaneous curvature at the air/water interface.
Conformations of core-shell nanoparticles
Conformations of core-shell nanoparticles at a liquid interfaces from numerical simulations.
C-S-H Gels
Model of calcium-silicate-hydrate gels formed during cement hydration from numerical simulations.
Stress localization
Stress localization in a model colloidal gel under shear.
Computer simulation of phase separation in a highly polydisperse colloid.
Phase separation in a lipid bilayer
Computer simulation of phase separation in a lipid bilayer, which is thought to be related to the functioning of the cell membrane
Tetracyanoquinodimethane
A colorized SEM image of a nanocrystal of tetracyanoquinodimethane.
Axon navigating in a 3D collagen gel. The actin from the axon is labeled in green, the microtubules red, and the collagen fibrils in magenta.
Boundary stress microscopy of collagen gel
3D confocal microscopy image of a collagen gel polymerized on top of a uniform elastic substrate containing fluorescent beads.
Sheared suspension of µm size rods
3D confocal microscopy image a disordered aggregate formed by shearing a suspension of µm-scale rods.
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About the Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology
The emerging field of soft matter research deals with the study of materials that exist between rigid solids and flowing liquids. Familiar examples include foams, gels, adhesives, lubricants, and many biological materials, such as blood or tissue. Soft matter plays an increasingly important role in commercial applications and new technologies, but behaves fundamentally differently from traditional, relatively well understood solids and liquids. The goal of current soft matter research is to understand and control the molecular scale structure of soft matter in order to engineer new classes of materials. Georgetown’s Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, or I(SM)2, launched in 2011 as the result of $6.9 Million construction grant from NIST, serves to catalyze the development of fundamental principles and practical measurement tools that can be applied to soft matter synthesis and precision measurement and characterization (metrology). The Institute comprises faculty primarily from the Departments of Physics and Chemistry, as well as Oncology in the Medical School.
What is Soft Matter & What is it Good For?
Soft Materials have an astonishing range of applications, in products that we use everyday. Here are just a few examples of the industries built on soft matter. This is not an exhaustive list!
- Plastics - all plastics are made of soft matter (polymers).
- Paints - Paints are a mix of polymers, pigments, and colloidal particles. Making non-drip paint requires intimate knowledge of the rheology of dense suspensions, and understanding the non-equilibrium process of paint drying is crucial to develop a fine smooth finish. Coatings (on glass, wire, and metals) involves similar science.
- Textiles - similarly, all textiles are made of soft matter. Understanding why silk is such a fantastic material is of great current interest!
- Food - Everything we eat is soft matter, and understanding how to process, package, and even eat food materials involves a range of interesting scientific problems. There is even a field called "psycho-rheology" that studies how the physical texture of food influences how we perceive and ultimately enjoy it.
- Personal Care Products - Creams, lotions, soaps, and other materials are soft matter, and product design involves detailed knowledge of the physics and chemistry of the materials, as well as processing.
- Life - Biology is literally active soft matter, and the subject of enormous growth and interest from physics and chemistry, as well as biology and medicine of course. Non-equilibrium phenomena are at the heart of life and its myriad function.
- Energy - The oil industry is built on soft matter, there is a great push on using soft polymeric materials to make solar cells. Looking to biology, the process of photosynthesis and harvesting light for energy relies on soft matter physics and chemistry.
- Construction Materials - Wood, plaster, and cement all begin as soft materials. Wood begins as living matter comprising different polymers, and plaster and cement come from dense colloidal liquids whose properties and behavior, upon adding water and subsequently drying, lead to the materials used for walls, roads, and bridges.
Research Themes
Our research focuses on understanding the non-equilibrium behavior of soft matter, all the way from chemical details to coarse-grained modeling. We have a strong focus on integrating our understanding through novel metrologies.
- Precision tools and techniques for measuring and manipulating the microstructure of complex materials under controlled conditions
- Micro- and nano-scale probes for measuring the mechanical properties of microscopic quantities of soft matter to probe connections among microstructure, mechanical properties, and processing conditions.
- Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticle dispersions, including the dynamics of self-assembly of molecular precursors and novel approaches to polymerization.
- Synthesis and characterization of self-assembled fibrillar networks, investigations of the self-assembly processes under induced stress, such as that from light, shear, or magnetic fields.
- Methods and tools to guide and characterize interactions between cells and engineered biocompatible environments. Control over structural, mechanical and biochemical conditions to allow for a better understanding of cell function in physiologically relevant conditions and control of cell function through materials engineering.
Collaboration and Dissemination
The I(SM)2 serves to catalyze regional and national collaborations and disseminate tools and principles of soft matter synthesis, protocols for processing, and metrology. This Institute supports the regional conference series, The Mid-Atlantic Soft Matter (MASM) Workshops. MASM was established in 2007 by Georgetown scientists to encourage inter-institution collaboration, and provides an effective venue for promoting interaction among soft matter researchers from academic, industrial and national laboratories in the Mid-Atlantic region. The workshops are informal and structured to maximize participation, breadth, and involvement of young researchers.
Professor Jeff Urbach discusses Soft Matter:
See some videos on the Blair Lab Youtube Channel.